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Line Printers
A line matrix printer is a computer printer that is a hybrid between a line printer and a dot matrix printer. Basically, it prints a page-wide line of dots. It creates a line of text by printing lines of dots.
Line printers are often used for printing box labels as well as invoices and reports. They print as rapidly as slow line printers, and can print bar codes and other graphics as well. When implemented as impact printers, they can be the least expensive to operate, per page.
Speeds increased with the first 1,400 LPM machines. This was followed by an 1,800 LPM printer which used a newly invented dual hammer bank system where odd and even lines were printed by separate hammer banks. Dual hammer bank machines however suffer from un-even performance and print quality, and the design was abandoned, replaced by a single hammer bank 1,800 LPM model.
The 'Stay Black' or 'Smart Ribbon' is one which offers longer life and is easier for users to manage then conventional reel ribbons. By adding a unique ink replenishment system based on a paristaltic pump mechanism, these were the only impact printers to offer consistent print quality. The increasing importance of user productivity resulted in innovations such as 'Auto-Gap' where for the first time the print mechanism would measure paper thickness (as with dot matrix printers) rather than the user set the gap. This maximizes print quality for multi-copies and eliminates user error in this area. Improvements in reliability resulted in the introduction of a shuttle mechanism with no wear parts and a 'Life Time' warranty.
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Laser Toner Cartridge Printers
Ink Jet Printers
Direct Thermal Printers
Dot Matrix Printers
LED Printers
Line TO Line Matrix Printers
Solid Ink Printers
Thermal Transfer Printers
Barcode Printers
Plotter-ink Printers
Dye Sublimination Printers
Xerox Phaser
Brother
Canon
(HP) Hewlett Packard
Samsung
IBM
Lexmark
Oki
Panasonic
Epson
Konica Minolta
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Chain (train) printer
Chain printers (also known as train printers) placed the type on moving bars (a horizontally-moving chain). As with the drum printer, as the correct character passed by each column, a hammer was fired from behind the paper. Compared to drum printers, chain printers had the advantage that the type chain could usually be changed by the operator. By selecting chains that had a smaller character set (for example, just numbers and a few punctuation marks), the printer could print much faster than if the chain contained the entire upper- and lower-case alphabet, numbers, and all special symbols. This was because, with many more instances of the numbers appearing in the chain, the time spent waiting for the correct character to "pass by" was greatly reduced. IBM was probably the best-known chain printer manufacturer and the IBM 1403 is probably the most famous example of a chain printer. |
Drum printer
In a typical drum printer design, a fixed font character set is engraved onto the periphery of a number of print wheels, the number matching the number of columns (letters in a line) the printer could print. The wheels, joined to form a large drum (cylinder), spin at high speed and paper and an inked ribbon are stepped (moved) past the print position. As the desired character for each column passes the print position, a hammer strikes the paper from the rear and presses the paper against the ribbon and the drum, causing the desired character to be recorded on the continuous paper. Because the drum carrying the letterforms (characters) remains in constant motion, the strike-and-retreat action of the hammers had to be very fast. Typically, they were driven by voice coils mounted on the moving part of the hammer.
Bar printer
Bar printers were similar to chain printers but were slower and less expensive. Rather than a chain moving continuously in one direction, the characters were on fingers mounted on a bar that moved left-to-right and then right-to-left in front of the paper. An example was the IBM 1443.
In all three designs, timing of the hammers (the so called "flight time") was critical, and was adjustable as part of the servicing of the printer. For drum printers, incorrect timing of the hammer resulted in printed lines that wandered vertically, albeit with characters correctly aligned horizontally in their columns. For train and bar printers, incorrect timing of the hammers resulted in characters shifting horizontally, albeit on vertically-level printed lines.
Most drum, chain, and bar printers were capable of printing up to 132 columns, but a few designs could only print 80 columns and some other designs as many as 160 columns.
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Comb printer
Comb printers, also called line matrix printers, represent the fourth major design. These printers were a hybrid of dot matrix printing and line printing. In these printers, a comb of hammers printed a portion of a row of pixels at one time (for example, every eighth pixel). By shifting the comb back and forth slightly, the entire pixel row could be printed (continuing the example, in eight cycles). The paper then advanced and the next pixel row was printed. Because far less print head motion was involved than in a conventional dot matrix printer, these printers were much faster than dot matrix printers and were competitive in speed with formed-character line printers while also being able to print dot-matrix graphics as well as variable-sized characters.
Printronix and TallyGenicom are well-known vendors of comb printers.
Because all of these printing methods were noisy, line printers of all designs were enclosed in sound-absorbing cases of varying sophistication.
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